Who defined multilateralism as 'international governance' of the 'many'?

• A. Miles Kahler
• B. Kofi Annan
• C. Antonio Guterres
• D. Hannah Arendt

Answer: (A)

Multilateralism as international governance of the many emphasizes that decision-making and rules come from the participation of multiple states and international actors, not just one hegemon or a series of bilateral deals. Miles Kahler is the scholar who articulates this view, framing multilateralism as governance that emerges from broad participation, institutions, and norms involving many actors.

Kofi Annan and Antonio Guterres are closely associated with promoting and practicing multilateral diplomacy within the UN system, but the specific phrase and attribution belong to Kahler. Hannah Arendt, while influential in political theory about pluralism and power, did not define multilateralism in this way.